A lattice Boltzmann method for single- and two-phase models of nanofluids: Newtonian and non-Newtonian nanofluids

Nanofluids play an important role in many different industries for improvement of heat transfer. The modeling and simulation such fluids is developing continuously. Two models studying nanofluids are mixture (or single-phase) two-phase Buongiorno) forms, which have been examined various ways. Non-Newtonian behavior (shear-thinning viscoplasticity) has observed experimental tests simulated several studies. However, a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), can employ either model depending on the particular non-Newtonian constitutive equation, not considered to date within suite available numerical methods. Here, we propose comprehensive LBM simulate both Newtonian nanofluids. approach potential incorporate any format extra tensor directly independent relaxation time; upshot that our appropriate derivations presented discussed some detail. To evaluate proposed method, it was compared with previous studies into benchmark problem, natural convection square enclosure filled fluids. Then, applied macroscopic equations, using power-law viscoplastic models, derived results presented.